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Ivermectin is derived from the avermectin, a family of the highly active broad-spectrum, anti-parasitic agents which are produced from fermentation of Streptomyces Avermitilis.
In roundworms, ivermectin stimulates the release of GABA from nerve endings and enhances binding of GABA to special receptors at nerve junctions, thus interrupting nerve impulses, paralyzing and killing the parasite.The enhancement of the GABA effect in arthropods resembles that in roundworms except that nerve impulses are interrupted between the nerve ending and the muscle cell.
Ivermectin has no measurable effect against flukes or tapeworms, presumably because they do not have GABA as a nerve impulse transmitter.
Recommended doses of ivermectin have a wide safety margin in livestock. The principal peripheral neurotransmitter in mammals, acetyl choline is unaffected by ivermectin. Ivermectin does not readily penetrate the central nervous system of mammals.